Multiflame welding tip



Oct. 28, 1941. R SCQTT 2,260,342

MULTIFLAME WELDING l IP Filed June 28, 1939 INVEN'TQR v MARVIN R. SCOTT BY I Patented Oct. 1941 2,260,342 MULTIFLAME WELDING TIP Marvin R. Scott, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to Oxweld Acetylene Company, a corporation of West Virginia Application June 2a, 1939, Serial No. 281,661

8 Claims. (01. 158-214) This invention relates to gas welding and more particularly to position welding of metal work surfaces arranged to form a groove, such as a V.

In the oxyacetylene position welding of ferrous metal pipe lines, the line is assembled a length at a time, with the end surfaces. to be welded beveled to form a circumferential groove of V cross section. The procedure usually followed is to line up the pipe on skids over the ditch, after which the joints are tack-welded and then welded without turning the pipe. This presents a special problem and slows up the welding operation considerably, because the molten weld metal tends to flow in the V under the action of gravity particularly at the sides of the circumferential groove and even out of the V at the lower half of such groove. 7

Such problem was partially solved and the art greatly advanced by the use of back-hand welding with a carburlzing welding flame, the blowpipe and welding rod being held so that the welding flame pointed back at the completed weld with the rod disposed between the weld and the flame. A 70 included angle in the v was made possible by such technique. The weld was started at the top of the joint and the puddle of weld metal advanced to the bottom; then the weld was restarted at the top and advanced down the other side to complete the operation. In order to control the advancing puddle in the V it was necessary to manipulate the blowpipe and the welding rod while carefully watching the progrem of the weld to properly sweat the walls of the V and preheat the rod. Because of the many variables involved, a single flame was generally used by welders for this type of weld ng. so that the amount of gas consumed and the time required to make such welds were standardized, notwithstanding attempts to decrease the gas consumptionand increase the speed of welding the same.

Therefore, the main objects'of this invention are to provide an improved multi-flame tip for position welding ferrous metal pipe parts-the ends of which have surfaces arranged to form a circumferential welding groove, such as a V; means for increasing the speed and reducing the gas consumption of back-hand position welding, especially in vertical and overhead work; and

means for-decreasing the amount of weld metal required to be added to complete the weld.

Briefly, the foregoing objects are accomplished by the use of a multiv-fiame welding tip compris ing a solid metal body having a central cylindrical her '8.

side of said bottom surface, a main welding jet passage extending from the other side of said bottom surface, and a pair of work preheating jet passages extending from the opposite side walls of said cylindrical chamber. These four jet passages are so arranged and proportioned according to this invention that it is possible to position weld a circumferential V having a smaller included angle, faster and more economically than with a single flame tip.

. The multi-flame tip of this invention especially is adapted to be attached to the stem of a conventional oxyacetylene'blowpipe for manual operation in position welding; although it will be understood that other welding gases may be employed, if desired, and the tip alsomay be used for rolling or machine welding where applicable. Referring to the drawing:- Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of a welding tip embodying features .of this invention and illustrating the tip in use, the tip being .shown in full-size scale;

Fig. 2 is a view of the welding tip in longitudinal cross-section, the scale being per cent larger than full size; and

Figs. 3 and 4 are, respectively, front and rear elevational views of the welding tip, the scale being the same as that of Fig. 2.

The multi-flame welding tip T is adapted to be attached to the tubular stem S of a conventional blowpipe adapted to supply a combustible mixture containing a fuel and a combustion-supporting gas, such as acetylene and oxygen, for ex-- ample. To secure the tip T in place, it is provided with an externally threaded rear end portion 5 for connection with an internally threaded coupling nut 6 swiveled 'on the stem S; the outer portion I of the tip ahead'of the threads 5 being substantially squared to fit a wrench. The tip T- preferably comprises a one-piece body of solid metal, such as copper, the outer surface of which is chromium plated.-'. I 1

The body of the tip T is providedwith a single central cylindrical gas distributing chamber 8 extending forwardly from the rear end 8 of. the

tip and longitudinally thereof.- The-chamber 8 terminates in a conical bottom surface ill from' the opposite sides of which \extend a pair of: outlet passages- I! and I2 diverging 'at substantially equal angles to the longitudinal axis of the cham- The passages Hand l2 diverge at an included angle of about 20 and are of substantially equal: length and terminate in the, front chamber terminating in a conical bottom surface,

a. rod preheating jet passage extending from one end face ll of 'the tip. The centers ,of the outerends of the passages H and I! are spacedabout a ing centrally and r from the outer end let passage I2, as shown. The passages I3, I3

fr inch from each other, as shown. The diameters of both passages II and I2 are much smaller than that of the chamber 8, and the passage II preferably is only slightly smaller in cross section than the passage I2. The longitudinal axes of the chamber 8 and the passages II and I2 are disposed substantially'in a single plane extend= longitudinally of the tip. Equally spaced from opposite sides of such central plane are a pair of identical parallel outlet passages I3, I3 whichextend outwardly from opposite sides of the wall of the cylindrical chamber 8.. The entrances of the passages I3, I3 are located some distance back of the chamber bottom I0, and these passages terminate in the bottom face I of the tip, spaced about /4 inch from each other and ata distance of about inch of the main welding gas outare considerably smaller in cross-sectional area than the passages I I and I2, and lie in a common plane which intersects the longitudinal axis of the chamber 8 at an included angle of about 55, making an angle of about 45 with the axis'of the main welding gas outlet passage I2.

Thus, when an oxyacetylene gas mixture is supplied to the chamber 8 through the blowpipe ,stem S, and the resulting jets discharged by the outlet passages II, I2 and I3, I3 are ignited, four flames are produced: a main welding flame M from the passage I2, a rod preheating flame L from the passage II, and a pair of parallel work preheating flames N, N from the passages I3, I3. For the carburizing flame welding of ferrous metal, the flames are adjusted with enough ex-' cess acetylene to provide a feather of about one and one-half times the length of the inner cone. If this adjustment is made with the main welding flame M as a guide, the other flames will be correct.

In the position welding of substantially horizontal ferrous metal pipe parts P having end surfaces F arranged to"form a circumferential groove, such as a V V, the blowpipe should 'be held with the central longitudinal plane, which includes the axes of the chamber 8 and passages I I and I2, of the tip T, coinciding with the plane,

which includes the line of the-weld, and with the welding flame M pointing to the base of the V V. Then, with the welding flame M maintained in this position and with its inner cone barely out of contact with the metal, the blowpipe should be rotated in the plane of the weld until the inner cones of the V-preheat flames N, N are just above the metal. This automatically brings the rod preheat flame L into correct position to act upon the lower end portion of a rod R of weld metal being fed into the V V. The preheating let for the rodR is so located that the operator has control of the amount of the rod preheatedand melted regardless of the point of welding. v

In welding, practically all the rod and blowpipe movement is confined to a back-and-forth accordion motion along the line of the weld, with little or no motion transverse to the line of welding. Although actual melting of the rod R is completed by the,main welding flame M, the auxiliary'flame L normally and preferably preheats the rod R sufllciently to develop a visible red. The rate at which the rod is melted is controlled by varying this preheating action through movement of either the rod R or the tip T, one rela hands should move in the accordion motion, one moving the tip T so as to prepare the V and melt the rod R alternately, and the other moving the rod in the puddle so as to direct the flow 01' molten metal. Since less of the welding flame M is required to melt the rod R, more can be used to prepare theV, thus increasing the welding speed.

The technique is essentially the same for successive positions around the pipe P except that the rate at which the rod R is melted is changed as necessary. The preferred procedure is to start at the top of the joint and weld continuously around half the pipe to the lowest point, then start again at the top and weld progressively arclund the other half of the pipe to complete the we The following Table I indicates what has been accomplished in making position welds according to this invention.

Table I Pipe Wall mluded Rod r o diameter thickness of wel d pei t l d p i' ld Inches Inches Degrees Pounds C i I 6 0. 250 60 0. 38 M csfed For pipe diameters below six inches and for wall thickness less than inch, the four-flame tip of this invention may be used for both posit1on and rolling welds, as shown by the following Table II.

Table II Pipe wan Time per Time per rolling osition diameter thickness weld pweld Inches Inches Minutes M Incomparative laboratory tests, the use of the multi-flame welding tip of this invention has shown an increase in welding speed of 31.,to 65 per cent 'over the appropriate or recommended size of conventional single flame tip for position welding. Also, the invention has made it possible to position weld pipe faster and more economically than with the customary single flame tip, a result long sought but never before accomplished prior to this invention. The invention vof worry about any other movement of the rod,

except the accordion movement which is naturally coordinated with a matching and opposite movement of the tip. Also, the tip of this invention, although capable of producing four flames is light in weight, a decided advantage in blow:

pipes that are whollysupported by one hand of the operator.

' about Whatis claimed is:

Y 1;.i A multi-flame-welding tip adapted to be attached to the stem of a blowpipe utilizing a com- 1 bustibleysas-mi in the back'h'md welding'floi nietal1parts-v having I surfaces arranged groove entirely, said tip comprising a unitary metali body having: a single cylindrical gas inlet "cha'mb r extending into said body from the rear endthe tip and terminating within said bodyi in an inner endsurface spaced from th front e'nd-oi'said tip, a pair of divergent rod preheat-,

ing and main welding gas outlet passages ex-.

tendingsfromopposite sides of said inner end .surfaceto the front end'of the tip, the axes of Y .saidf assages being disposed in ai'common plane,- J

said passages diverging at an-indiudedang'leyoi about 20and being of substantially equal length;

the centers of the outer ends of saidpassages 1t being spaced about "x e inch from each other, one of said passages being'adapted to discharge a pre-- heating flame generally upwardly against a rod of weld metal being fed generally downwardly into such V, the other passage being adapted to discharge a main welding flame against weld metal to restrain and maintain the same in a welding state as the weld advances downwardly along the V, and a pair of work preheating gas- 3 other, and a pair of work preheating gas passage means extending from oppositesides'oi said gas inlet chamber, said work preheating gas passage means being spaced at their outer ends about Y4 inch from each other, and the angle between said work preheating gas passage means and said welding gas passage means being about 45 withaspacing between their outer ends .of about diverging rod jpreheatingan 6; Multi-flam'e pipemosition wel ifig .tip' means comprising, in combination.

sage means extending tromsaid chamber, the

included angle between-said diverging passage means being of theorder of2Qiwith their outer ,ends spaced about 1; inchji'rom each ,Qthenland a pair of work preheating geswp sssge means a extending from. sai'd gasz inlet "chamber at an angle :ofthe order "of 45",] to said:- {welding gas irouterenjds spaced about te r {endsio' 'saidflwel'ding gas as agemeans;--:.y, a

7. A four flame positionwelding'tip comprising.

J in combination,"mean.sfor.- discharging one rod preheating flame, two workpreheating flames,-

and'one central welding-flame, said means being constructed and arrangedso that said rod preoutlet. passages disposed in substantially equally f I spaced relation to said plane and extending from said chamber to the bottom surface oi saidjtip,

at an angle oi about to said main-iwelding flame against each of the inner surfaces'oisucl 'v metal parts in the V in advance of and below. the main welding operatiomthe outer-ends of said pair of work-preheating gas outletpas's'ages welding gas outlet passage. g a

2. A multi-fiame welding tip asvclaimed by claim-1, wherein the said inner end 'surface'oi' said gas inlet chamber is-conical; the rod'preheating gas outlet-passage is only slightly. smaller in cross section ,than'the.mainweldinggas outlet 1 passage, and the painoi' 'work preheating-gasare parallel to'each otherjand; Y to-said'plane-i outlet passages their axes disposed in a common plane including the a and main welding gas outlet passages.

front :end; of said ti" 4. A multi-flame welding tip as claimed by" claim 1, in which-the combustible gas mixture comprises a combustible gas and a combustion-- supporting gas, such as acetyleneand oxygen, respectively, andsaid rod preheatingfand main:

.- tiaily equally spaced relation toattached tothe stem are 4i) being s aced about 54; inch from. each .otherjand' inch from the outer endotsaid main 1-'jth 1 Operationand,

' I pt-the groove entirely','said' tip' coniprisinga unitary. metal; body having 5 inlet chamber extending into said .body from the rear .end or the tip and *tejrminatingiwithin said body in. an inner'en suriaceispaced {tom the extendlng'irom "opposite I I ,llTSui'faoefltoth front end of thetinflth axes or I 3. A-"jmulti -flameiw'elding; tip as "claimed; by

'cl,aim 1,.in which said work prehfiating gas outlet I passages have t plane which is at right angles to. the commonv axes of said rod preheatin 'said passages being disposed-in adapted to discharge afma'in against weld metal to restrainand maintain the same in a welding'state as the, weldadvances downwardly along face of said tip.

ing. gas outlet heating flame againsteach of the inner. surfaces parts in they in advance of and. 7 below the main welding operation; 7'0 1 of such metal heating of 20 from said welding flame and is spaced a little less than /2 inch above said' welding flame, andsaid work preheating flamesare spaced below -and to thee-ear of saidwelding flame ata dis- .tance'of a-little'rnore than /2 inch and at an as outlet passage, for discharging a preheating angleof the order of 45". with res'pect thereto.

8;.A, 'multi-flame' Weldingtip adapted to be 7 blowpipe'utilizing a combustible gas mixture inltjhe'. back-hand position welding'of metal parts-havingsurfaces arranged toforma welding grooveiisuch as a V, within which "molten weld metal. tends to now downwardly under the influence. or gravity ahead .infsom cases, out

.{pair 1 divergent rod.

preheating" and main: weldingkgas-"outlet.passages ,a'common' plane,

said passages diverging at an" acute included angle' and one of'said passagesbein'gadapted to discharge. a preheating flame generally upwardly against a rod of weld metal being fed gdnerally downwardly into such IV, the. other passage being the V. and a pair of work rateheating gas outlet passagesdisposed in substani said plane and extending from said chamber to passage, for -discharg1ng a pre- MABV/IN-R. scorn .a-{gas inlet chamber, weming gas pas-- flame diverges at an angle'oi. the order a single; cylindrical gas sides '6 'said' inner end welding flame the bottom survatan angle tosaid main weld- 

